![]() ![]() The curvature of the medial plantar vault is supported by the plantar fascia and by the plantar ligaments, with the dynamic support of the posterior tibialis tendons and the long peroneal, which are called caving muscles of the foot for their function. The medial plantar vault is formed by the calcaneus, the astragalus, the scaphoid, the three cuneiforms and the first three metatarsals. The conjunction of these three points constitutes the so-called arches on arches: a transverse (anterior), two longitudinal (medial and lateral). Under normal conditions, the supporting surface of the foot is not constituted by the entire plantar surface, but is located electrically at three points: The foot provides the base of support to the whole body allowing to unload the weight on the ground and plays a fundamental role in maintaining the balance. Using a simpler and less technical terminology, the flat foot presents itself with the tendency of the medial vault to flatten and give inward, while the heel is pushed to compensate the outside. The tendon that most of all suffers for this alteration of the form is the posterior tibial that is found stretched and stretched in an attempt to support the plantar vault. From an exquisitely medical and orthopedic point of view, the flat foot sees a “collapseˮ of the astragalus which tends to become vertical and a tendency of the calcaneus to value itself. The foot consists of about 28 bones, numerous muscles and joints, but in particular there are 3 structures that are involved when it comes to flatfoot: the astragalus, the calcaneus and the posterior tibial tendon. ![]() The flat foot or pronator syndrome is perhaps the most common deformity of the foot. This is why not infrequently the pathologies involving the foot can find an explanation in the individual's posture or in other cases may be the direct cause of an altered posture. One can speak of the foot as a postural receptor organ that offers the brain information about the body itself as its position in space, its balance and its oscillations. The foot is definitely one of the most important sensory organs of our body, even more important than the hand. ![]()
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